Guwahati: A new gadget developed by IIT Guwahati may come as a boon for all the health-conscious.

Researchers from premier institute led by Professor Dipankar Bandyopadhyay of the department of chemical engineering have developed a reliable and affordable Glycemic Index (GI) sensor, suitable for point-of-care detection. 

This sensor can determine the GI of different food sources in real-time which is crucial for diabetes management.

The Glycemic Index or GI is a measure that ranks carbohydrate-containing foods based on how they affect blood sugar levels when consumed. High-GI food can cause a rapid spike in blood glucose levels, followed by a swift decline. 

Moreover, these high-GI foods stimulate an increased demand for insulin, contributing to the risk of developing type-2 diabetes. Importantly, low-GI food helps to prevent diabetes, heart disease, obesity, and cancer.

As the trend of fast-food increases among the world's working population, the need for a portable device that can immediately detect and guide the user about the GI of the food arises.

The point-of-care-testing (POCT) prototype developed by the IIT Guwahati team can detect the glycemic Index of common food sources in approximately five minutes.

“We developed a composite nanoenzyme by combining gold nanoparticles with alpha-amylase to break down long-chain starch molecules into simpler sugars,” said Bandopadhyay.

Researchers found that this nanoenzyme of approximately. 30 nanometer size has remarkable heterogeneous catalytic properties to rapidly degrade starch into maltose at room temperature, he said.

The amount of maltose produced is then electrochemically detected to classify the food sources into Rapidly Digestible Starch (RDS) and Slowly Digestible Starch (SDS) along with Resistant Starch (RS).

Explaining the real time monitoring on fast food, Bandyopadhyay said: “When we tested the device on fast foods like crackers, biscuits, chips, and bread, we found that crackers have the most RDS, followed by potato chips, and then brown bread. Notably, the SDS/RS of brown bread releases maltose slowly, causing a gradual increase in glucose levels and a lower response from insulin in the body.”

The research findings have been published in the journal Sustainable Chemistry and  Engineering by the American Chemical Society. The paper, co-authored by Prathu Raja Parmar, Jiwajyoti Mahanta, Saurabh Dubey, Tapas Kumar Mandal, and Bandyopadhyay.

The paper can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c02292.

The researchers have also filed a patent Real-time glycemic index sensor comprising enzymatic biosynthesized gold nanocomposite.

This research was funded by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).

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